The collection development policy of the Stockwell-Mudd Libraries of Albion College is intended to be consistent with the mission and goals of the College, resulting in a solid collection of significant works. The purpose of the policy is to assure the planned and systematic provision of materials for the College to support its curriculum and selected resources to support faculty and student research.

This policy is established to assist librarians and faculty in collection development, including the selection, maintenance, and deselection of all types of materials that support learning, teaching, and research at Albion College. It is recognized that there are situations in which it is more effective for Stockwell-Mudd Libraries to devote resources to providing access to information rather than in building collections. Stockwell-Mudd Libraries are therefore committed to providing access to collections and information wherever they exist in the world. Access extends to print, microform, non-print and electronically delivered information. An effort will therefore be made to utilize both nonprofit and commercial information vendors, and to participate in regional and national resource sharing networks and cooperatives. Efforts will also be made to acquire print and electronic bibliographic tools that inform researchers of resources available outside the library and that assist in acquiring material located elsewhere.

This document is intended to explain the collection development policies of Stockwell- Mudd Libraries to the College faculty, administration, students, and other interested parties. This policy is purposely left general to allow for individual initiative and judgment in collection development. It is subject to continuing change as new ideas and types of materials become available in the collection development process.

The primary community of Stockwell-Mudd Libraries is the students, faculty and staff of Albion College. The Libraries' collections are also available for use by patrons of the Albion Public Library, residents of the 7th Congressional district for our Federal Documents Depository Collection, and alumni and friends of the College.

Library acquisitions funds are allocated to academic units on the basis of need. Factors considered are the balance and mix between monographs and serials; print and non-print; strength or weakness of current collection; breadth and depth of need; new programs, courses and faculty; and cost of materials.

Allocation decisions are based upon a process that involves negotiation with academic units, examination of departmental profiles maintained by the library, and discussion within the library staff based upon an evaluation of the existing collection. The library does not use a "formula" for the allocation of collection development funds.

Library funds are used for current and retrospective purchases to build a balanced collection that meets the needs of the academic mission of Albion College. The priorities in descending order are:

1. Materials supporting the curriculum
2. Essential reference tools
3. Materials contributing to a balanced collection
4. Materials supporting research of the Albion College faculty, students and staff
5. Materials for recreational reading

Responsibility for the selection of library materials lies with both the librarians and the faculty. The librarians are in a position to observe the quality and balance of all subject areas, and they oversee the selection and purchase of materials in all subject areas. The departmental faculty will bear primary responsibility for recommending the acquisition of materials in their subject fields.

Departments are expected to recommend library purchases which will develop the entire field of their disciplines. Faculty are encouraged to take a strong interest in developing the collection in their various disciplines by using rigorous discrimination in their selection of materials to be added to the library holdings. Students, staff, and administrative officers may also submit recommendations for purchase to the library staff.

Librarians are assigned specific responsibilities for collection development. The subject areas assigned include: Anthropology; Belle lettres- English language; Belle lettres-Foreign Languages; Biology; Chemistry; Computer Science; CIS in Contemporary Expression in the Arts; Dance; Economics; Education; Fritz Shurmur Institute for Education; English; Environmental Policy; Environmental Science; Institute for the Study of the Environment; CIS in Ethnic, Gender, and Global Issues; Gerald R. Ford Institute for Public Policy and Service; Foreign Languages; Geography; Geology; Carl A.Gerstacker Liberal Arts Institute for Professional Management; History; CIS in History and Culture; Honors Institute; Law; Linguistics; Maps; Mathematics; Music; Philosophy; Physical Education; Physics; Political Science; Psychology; Religion; Sociology; Speech Communication; Theatre; Foundation for Undergraduate Research; CIS in Meaning and Value; Videos; Visual Arts.

Basic Level

This level is a core of basic works broadly representative of the liberal arts, or those materials which should be in any college library. These are the standard materials required for an undergraduate curriculum and the general works needed for a balanced college collection. Into this category would fall fundamental reference sources, monographs, general periodicals, some major subject periodicals, and selected non-print media appropriate for an undergraduate library. Many of these materials would be listed in standard college library selection tools such as "Choice's Opening Day Collection," Books for College Libraries, Katz's Magazines for Libraries, and other special subject bibliographies of core collections.

Advanced Level

Collections at this level support and maintain undergraduate instruction effectively and support the needs of the four-year curriculum. Material for junior and senior courses would be collected at this level. It includes reference material of all kinds, files of basic journals, a wide range of subject indexes and bibliographies, and all the more important secondary sources. Definitive editions, works of criticism and analysis, important monographs and research studies would be included as would conference proceedings and important publications of research societies.

The Library acquires materials of both permanent and current interest in all subjects, based upon the merits of a work in relation to the needs, interests, and demands of the community. Each of these criteria may not and need not be used to evaluate each item, but they are applied as general guidelines for consideration of all materials. While a single standard cannot be applied to each work, the following general criteria are used in selecting materials for purchase.

Selection Guidelines

The following guidelines should be considered in selecting and adding materials to the collection:

• Subject matter and scope:
  • suits the purposes of the curriculum for which it is intended
  • is significant
  • is of local interest (subject, author, or publisher)
  • has present and potential relevance to community needs and preferences
  • is related to the existing collection and to other titles and authors dealing with the same subject
  • has historical value
  • is of permanent and timeless interest
  • serves specific research needs of faculty
• Literature:
  • is written by an author in any language considered to be important to our curriculum
  • represents the best of its author or genre
  • includes all works by major authors
  • includes reading copies and critical editions
• Treatment of subject or material:
  • suits the needs of students and faculty studying the discipline
  • can be introductory, speculative, scholarly, technical, or popular
  • may provide partial or complete coverage
  • may be current or retrospective
  • may be of timely and/or popular interest
  • should be of an appropriate level of difficulty
  • should be suitable and useful in subject and style for the library's intended audience
  • may be important as a document of the times
  • may have unique and/or special features
• Validity/Accuracy:
  • information presented is accurate, current and authoritative
  • author, artist, or publisher has good reputation or qualifications
  • literature titles have literary merit as expressed in critical reviews
  • other criteria to consider include availability of indexing, date of publication, primary versus secondary source, fact or opinion, observation or research
• Point of view:
  • is fair and balanced in its point of view, but we may select titles of a partisan or sectarian nature, even some that may have unredeemable bias
  • contributes to community values and citizenship
  • has alternative viewpoints
  • has social significance
• Elements of quality:
  • is the best of its type for addition to the collection
  • is suitable format for its message
  • shows originality and creativity in its presentation and content
  • is well written
  • is cited frequently in standard bibliographies
• Format:
  • consider all formats for selection, providing the content falls within the guidelines set forth in this document
  • consider the condition and durability of the materials
  • consider the font style and size, indexing, paper quality, binding, and the suitability of the format for library use
  • when selecting electronic resources, consider Web-based versus Telnet/CD, Windows or Mac version, IP address checking, archiving, free trials, full-text availability, indexing, etc.
• Textbooks (Textbooks are defined here as works whose published form clearly indicates its intended use as a principal teaching aid):
  • consider textbooks when they are important for reference purposes, selected alternative textbooks to those adopted by Albion College courses, or where the textbook is considered a definitive or classic work in the subject
• Price:
  • select paperback editions when deemed appropriate
  • select high priced items when deemed essential to the collection
• Demand:
  • acquire only one copy of a title unless high demand requires additional copies
• Regional Availability:
  • avoid unnecessary duplication of titles
  • pursue cooperative collection agreements with other libraries in Michigan

The library will accept gifts of monographs, journals, manuscripts, and other materials appropriate to the collection. All gifts are final. By the act of the donation, the donor permanently relinquishes all rights to ownership and disposition. Therefore, the library may appropriately exchange, disseminate, sell, or discard those items that cannot be added to the collection. Before accepting gifts on behalf of the library, staff members must ensure that donors understand and agree to this condition. If there is any question about accepting a gift, the final determination rests with the Director of Libraries.

The staff member accepting a gift must complete the Donor Agreement Form. Official acknowledgment of the gift is made by Institutional Advancement and the Director of Libraries. Guidelines for evaluation of gifts are the same as those for selecting purchased materials.

The library cannot make appraisals. It abides by the Statement on Appraisal of Gifts, approved by the Board of Directors of the Association of College and Research Libraries.

Gifts of money may be used by the library to purchase library materials, equipment, or services. Donors of monetary gifts may designate the use of those funds for specific purchases through agreement with the Director of Libraries.

In accordance with the donor's request, appropriate recognition will be given to gifts retained in the libraries by affixing book plates, labels, or plaques to gifts showing the donor's name, and if applicable, the name of the person in whose honor or memory the gift was made.

The libraries will not set aside a special location for a particular gift of library materials separate from other materials on the same subject. The libraries will not accept restrictions on usage of the materials which are contrary to general Library policy.

Any material that bears the ownership markings of another institution and does not have any indication of having been withdrawn from that institution's collection will be returned to the proper institution when possible.

Reproductions or photocopies of copyrighted works will not be accepted unless evidence of compliance with the copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code) and its prevailing interpretation is provided.

Stockwell-Mudd Libraries actively pursue cooperative agreements and consortial arrangements with other libraries and library organizations to enhance the collection and to improve access to information resources.

The Interlibrary Loan Program of Stockwell-Mudd Libraries is a cooperative program with other libraries that extends access for faculty, students, and staff to the rich resources of other libraries around the world and encourages the cooperative use of expensive acquisitions. The library maintains a number of special arrangements with other libraries and organizations to expedite this sharing of resources.

In addition, Stockwell-Mudd Libraries participates with other libraries in numerous cooperative purchasing agreements including, but not limited to, AccessMichigan, AICUM (Association of Independent Colleges and Universities in Michigan), Oberlin Group, Michigan Oberlin Group, the Michigan Library Consortium and the Albion Public Library. Each of these agreements aids in the sharing of materials to the advantage of faculty, students and staff. In the selection of expensive library materials, consideration is given to their accessibility through interlibrary loan agreements and through library networking.

Decisions regarding the disposition of gifts, the initiation of new periodical subscriptions or the cancellation of existing subscriptions, and the purchase of expensive sets may include consideration of resources available at other libraries.

Collection management refers to the systematic evaluation and maintenance of the resources contained in both the print collection and in non-print formats. Collection evaluation is the responsibility of the librarians and the faculty. Collection maintenance refers to shelf maintenance, binding, rebinding, and book repair. Shelf maintenance, except for government documents, current periodicals and microforms, is the responsibility of the Coordinator of Circulation Services. Government documents shelf maintenance is the responsibility of the Coordinator of Government Documents and Stockwell Public Services. Current periodicals and microforms are the responsibility of the Serials Assistant.

Collection Evaluation Policy

Collection evaluation, sometimes referred to as "weeding the collection," is conducted on an ongoing basis by librarians working in conjunction with the faculty. All collection evaluation is based upon the criteria developed above under "Selection Criteria: Selection Guidelines" on pages 3-5 of this document. Weeding constitutes the removal of outdated, superseded, damaged or duplicate material from the collection. Its purpose is to:

• reevaluate the collection in conjunction with the selection of new and replacement materials in order to keep the collection viable and useful
• withdraw unnecessary, out-of-date materials from the shelves
• alert faculty and librarians to areas of weakness in the collection
• identify materials in need of replacement, binding or repair

The following criteria are for the use of librarians in carrying out their responsibilities for evaluating the libraries' collections. These are intended as guidelines for identifying the issues that should be addressed in evaluating any title for retention, rebinding, mending, relabeling, relocation, cataloging or classification changes, replacement or updating.

• Physical condition beyond repair:
  • replace if it meets selection criteria and is available
  • rebind if possible and is worth retaining
  • protect and/or transfer to the Rare Book Collection if it is not possible to rebind and is still useful
• Number of copies:
  • withdraw unneeded, additional copies
• Superseded editions:
  • retain "next-to-last" edition depending on subject, length of time between editions, circulation, extent of revision, or as a backup for reference
  • keep all revised editions of some reference works according to guidelines in the "Reference Collection Development Policy"
• Materials not suitable for the collection as defined by the libraries' Collection Development Policy:
  • withdraw
• Outdated Material:
  • In order to maintain the currency of the Libraries' collections, all titles more than 15 years old are re-evaluated and retained if deemed still useful
• Use of material:
  • consider insufficient use as a factor, but not as a sole factor, for withdrawal
  • consider storing in remote storage facility
• Broken sets or runs:
  • identify and reevaluate broken sets or runs for retention according to the libraries' selection criteria
• Journals:
  • withdraw broken runs of older journals of little use or that are no longer purchased or published
  • replace older issues by microfilm or electronic archives if appropriate
• Some Criteria For Not Discarding:
  • local author or faculty member or local topic
  • famous illustrator, or the title contains unusual photographs or illustrations
  • title enjoys a fair circulation
  • title is a prize winner (Pulitzer, NBA, etc.)
  • title is analyzed in a standard index (EGLI, etc.)
  • title is considered to be primary source material for historical research
  • title is part of a series that is retained according to the Libraries' selection criteria
  • title has an excellent, extensive bibliography which is still useful
  • title strongly illustrates the culture or contemporary knowledge of a specific time period

Storage Collection

Material used infrequently but still considered to be appropriate to the Libraries' collections may be placed in storage. These items may be obtained by request at Circulation Services.

Disposal of Discarded Library Materials

After collection development librarians, in consultations with the teaching faculty when appropriate, have identified which materials are no longer needed in the Stockwell-Mudd Libraries' collections, disposal of the material is necessary. To keep disposal costs at a minimum, the Libraries will use discretion to recycle, trash, or otherwise discard unwanted materials or they may be sold to the general public. All proceeds will be used to purchase library replacement collection material.

Replacements

The library will not automatically replace all materials withdrawn from the collections because of loss, damage or wear. Decisions to replace an item will be based on the following considerations:

1. Fit with current Collection Development Policy
2. Demand for the specific titles to support the curriculum.
3. Number of copies held.
4. Existing coverage of the subject within the collection.
5. Availability of new and better materials on the subject.

Titles in the collection reported missing will be promptly replaced if needed for teaching or research, if they are obtainable. Literary works and recognized titles in all subject areas should be considered for replacement one year after reported missing. Missing serial volumes should be replaced in hardcover, microform, or electronic format depending on suitability and availability. Missing pages of any book or serial issue will be replaced by tipped-in photocopies. Missing microfilms will be replaced in the same format.

Binding, Mending, and Discarding

Decisions will be made continuously on how to handle worn titles regardless of format; whether to mend, bind or withdraw them. Each decision is based on the actual condition of the title, the number of duplicate copies in the collection, the current validity of its contents, availability of the title for reorder, and the cost of mending versus the cost of replacement. In making such decisions, these guidelines will be followed by the librarians:

1. Withdraw titles under the guidelines in the weeding policy.
2. Assuming the title is still available, replacement with a new copy is preferable to rebinding if costs are comparable. In cases where rebinding will not restore the title to a condition suitable for normal library use, the title should be replaced. Books which are worn and cannot be rebound due to overly narrow margins should also be replaced with a new or good second-hand copy.
3. Binding is preferable to mending if a title is expected to have long term usefulness and if an inordinate amount of mending is required.
4. Mending will be done only when need is detected early. In general, most pamphlets, paperbacks and videos which are in poor condition should be discarded.
5. In some instances, an irreplaceable title of importance must be retained regardless of condition. Special handling will be given such a title.
6. Some cataloged paperbound titles will usually be bound before circulation to withstand library use.
7. Titles received in a loose-leaf format or fascicle parts will be considered for rebinding based upon anticipated use and the expected pattern of updating.

Serial Collections

Serial titles in Stockwell-Mudd Libraries consist of:

Serials: A publication issued in successive parts, usually at regular intervals, and, as a rule, intended to be continued indefinitely. Serials include periodicals, annuals (reports, yearbooks, etc.), memoirs, proceedings, and transactions of societies. (ALA Glossary of Library Terms, 1943)

Periodicals: Serial publications published more frequently than once a year. At Albion, this refers to magazines, newspapers, and scholarly journals. The Periodical Collection is maintained as a separate collection arranged alphabetically by title.

Continuations/Standing Orders: Serial and non-serial titles or sets that the library has instructed vendors to supply on an ongoing basis until canceled.

New serial requests are collectively reviewed by the librarians on a continuous basis. These decisions are based on the same criteria as outlined for other materials in this policy statement. In addition to those guidelines, the following must be taken into account:

1. Accessibility to indexing
2. Cost of the title
3. Overall availability of funds
4. Requestor of the serial, requesting department, number of faculty members requesting the serial
5. Subject emphasis (see collection levels). interdisciplinary nature of the publication (number of departments which might use the title), size of enrollments in requesting program, potential usage
6. Appropriateness of print versus electronic format.

Whenever a new serial is selected, a decision should be made concerning the retention of that serial, and if it is to be retained indefinitely, whether or not it should be bound or purchased in electronic or micro format. Serials cannot and will not be selected and dropped on a yearly basis; a commitment must be made to support new serials on an ongoing basis.

Backfile purchases of serials are based on the same criteria as current and new subscriptions and are purchased as funds allow. Backfiles are usually acquired in electronic or micro formats.

A retention period is established for each serial title. A title is either retained permanently or retained for a limited period only. Limited retention may be based on such factors as currency of the information and/or condition of the material. Electronic versions of serials are accessible through the online catalog and/or the Library home page.

Newspaper Collection

Newspapers are a special form of serial publications issued daily, weekly, or semiweekly which report events and discuss topics of current interest. The Library selects both print and electronic versions of newspapers.

We select titles to represent the following types of newspapers:

1. National newspapers of record, e.g., New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Christian Science Monitor
2. Regional (Midwest and Michigan) newspapers, e.g., Detroit Free Press, Detroit News, Chicago Tribune
3. Local newspapers, e.g., Albion Recorder, Jackson Citizen Patriot, Battle Creek Enquirer
4. Foreign newspapers, e.g., The Times, El Pais

Criteria for selection and retention of newspapers follow the guidelines for serials described above.

Microforms

Microforms are acquired to supplement the print and electronic collections. The criteria used for selecting microforms includes frequency of publication, paper quality, susceptibility to theft and mutilation, or when a microform format is the only format available or the most cost efficient format for retention and storage. This format is preferred for newspaper backfiles and for filling in gaps in serial holdings. In a few cases, it may be preferred as an alternative to binding for a serial or monograph title.

The Library has acquired a few historic collections in microforms, e.g., 19th century Periodical Collection, etc. In general, electronic formats are preferred over microforms if they provide additional features that add value for the user.

Microforms are selectively used for preservation of materials in the College Archives Collection.

Government documents are frequently received in microfiche. These are handled in the same manner as other microforms in the library. Whenever possible, we prefer digital formats to microforms.

The Library purchases only silver halide film and supports the following microform formats:

1. 35 mm microfilm
2. microfiche (various resolutions, except ultrafiche)

We make every effort to provide and maintain up-to-date reader/printers for microform use.

Electronic Resources

Electronic resources refer to materials in standard digital formats. They are preferred over paper or microform when available, appropriate, and cost effective for abstracts, indexes, and serial. In addition, the Library will select large aggregate databases appropriate to the Library mission. The Library will also subscribe, purchase, or connect electronically to selected monographic and archival databases as appropriate.

Federal Documents Collection

Stockwell-Mudd Libraries is a partial depository for United States government documents and complies with the Federal Depository Manual and Instructions for Depository Libraries. The official collection development policy for government documents is contained in the document entitled, "Collection Development Policy - Albion College Partial U.S. Depository Library 279-B", developed by the Government Documents Librarian. (See Appendix 1)

Reference Collection

The Reference Collection is a non-circulating collection of library materials designed to meet the basic, research, verification, location, and information needs of the Albion College community in all subject fields. Reference materials of all types and in various languages are selected by the librarians, in accordance with the general criteria established for the selection of library materials and the specific needs of the academic and co-curricular programs. In general, only the latest edition of a reference work is shelved in the Reference Collection. Older editions are either transferred to the general collection or storage or are withdrawn from the library. The Reference Collection is supported by a special budget allocation, other acquisitions funds and gifts.

Certain types of reference materials are selected according to the following guidelines:

1. Encyclopedias
   • The collection contains general encyclopedias that are updated on a rotating schedule, and subject and topical encyclopedias, that are acquired and updated as they become available.
2. Dictionaries
   • English language, foreign language and subject dictionaries are purchased as needs dictate. Dictionaries are updated if they become obsolete and a new edition is available.
3. Indexes, Abstracts, and Databases
   • Both general/interdisciplinary and subject-specific indexes and databases relevant to student and faculty needs are selected by the librarians. Online (WWW) versions are normally preferred over print subscriptions or telnet-only access. Generally, a trial preview period is requested before a final determination is made to add a database subscription. Among other considerations in the selection process: the availability of IP address recognition for access, the availability of full-text, ease of use, links to local holdings and/or full-text sources (e.g., ECO), and the possibility of consortial purchase arrangements.
4. Bibliographies
   • In general, bibliographies are acquired as part of general collection development. Some of these bibliographies may be selected for the Reference Collection, based on frequency of use or broad subject content.
5. Annual Reports
   • Company annual reports are available through a variety of electronic sources, including the Disclosure database (on the Library CD-ROM network). Additionally, print copies of some annual reports are received directly from the company and through free distribution services, and are filed in the Annual Report files near the Reference Collection. The library retains the latest two years only of these publications.
6. College Catalogs
   • Catalogs from United States colleges and universities are available through a subscription to the web-based full-text CollegeSource service. Print copies of selected college catalogs are received directly from the college/university (requests for these are sent by Reference Department staff to the college/university). The library retains only the latest edition of any catalog.
7. Career Materials
   • Career materials are selected primarily by Reference Librarians as needs dictate. These materials are shelved in the Reference Collection.
8. Telephone Directories
   • Print telephone directories for selected Michigan cities and major U.S. cities are requested directly from the appropriate telephone companies by Reference Department staff. A more complete collection of telephone directories is available online through the FirstSearch databases AcxiomHome and AcxiomBiz. Only the latest paper editions are retained.
9. Ready Reference
   • Frequently consulted reference sources are selected by librarians to be shelved at the Reference Desk. These materials are reviewed periodically for replacement, additions, or removal as needs dictate.
10. Atlases
    • A collection of state, U.S., world, and subject atlases and gazetteers are selected by the librarians and included as part of the Reference Collection. Oversized atlases are shelved on the Reference Atlas Stands. Superseded editions are considered for inclusion in the Libraries' general collection.
11. Reference Materials not kept in Reference Collection
    • Materials removed from the Reference Collection will be relocated to the general collection, storage, or discarded, based on an evaluation by the librarians. Among the factors to be considered are: currency or long-term use of the material, availability of a more current edition, duplication of the information elsewhere, and the physical condition of the material.

Browsing Collection

A selective browsing collection is maintained on a rotating basis in the Library. Titles are selected by Technical Services personnel from recent acquisitions. The intent of the collection is to feature new titles that may be of a general or recreational interest for students, faculty, and staff.

Non-print Materials

The Library considers all formats for selection, providing the content falls within the guidelines set forth in the Selection Guidelines section above. Other formats will be considered for adoption as appropriate. Currently the following types of non-print materials are being added to the collection:

1. Film and Video Recordings (VHS and umatic cassettes, 16 mm. film, laser discs, DVD)
2. Audio Recordings (cassette and reel-to-reel tapes, CD's, LP's). We no longer acquire LP's or eight track tapes for the regular collection. We may still acquire them for the Archives Collection.

Maps (Non-depository) Collection

Stockwell-Mudd Libraries purchases and maintains a highly selective collection of maps that complements and enhances our collection of government document depository maps. Types of maps collected include: road maps, maps that support the curriculum of the College, and maps for recreational interests.

Juvenile Collection

The purpose of the Juvenile Collection is to support the reading instruction program of the Education Department, the Children's Literature course in the English Department, and to provide a collection of notable and award winning juvenile books, e.g., Newbery, Caldecott, Coretta Scott King, etc. The library works with the Education Department to support their reading program in appropriate ways.

Special Collections

The following collections are managed by the College Archivist. Library funds are allocated to support the professional work of the College Archivist and to make selected purchases for the collections. Gift funds may be solicited and received to support the collections and services of this unit. These funds are managed by the Director of Libraries.

1. Rare Books Collection:
   The Rare Books Collection houses library materials (books, serials, manuscripts, and non-print items) that are unique, rare, valuable, or fragile. These materials do not circulate and must be used according to standard rare book practices. Materials in this collection receive full cataloging at the item or collection level as appropriate. They receive minimal physical processing. The decision to place an item in the Rare Books Collection is based on its fit with one of the designated collecting areas or through consultation with the Library Director, the College Archivist, and the Head of Technical Services.

   The collecting areas include:

   1. Early Textbook Collection (pre-1900 imprints)
   2. Albion Americana Collection (McGregor, Longstreet, items in Howes or other standard Americana bibliographies, etc.)
   3. Modern First Editions (Dzierbicki, Kimball, etc.)
   4. M. F. K. Fisher Collection (Reynolds)
   5. Kimball Poetry Collection
   6. Albion Bible Collection (Longstreet, etc.)
   7. Early Science and Natural History Collection
   8. Fine printing and binding Collection
   9. Early printed books (pre-1700 imprints, incunables)
   10. Limited and Fine Press Editions (2,000 copies or less)
   11. Early Periodicals (pre-1800 and selected 19th and 20th century imprints)
   12. Michigan Collection (rare and hard-to-find titles relating to Michigan and/or first and rare editions of authors who reside in or were born in Michigan)
   13. Visiting Authors Collection (Wendell Will Room)
   14. Civil War Collection (rare and selected first edition material relating to the Civil War)
   15. Pre-1850 imprints and selected other 19th century editions
   16. G. Lynn Sumner Lincoln Collection
   17. Monographs costing more than $1,000
   18. Facsimiles of early printed books
   19. Fragile books of value
   20. Feinberg Whitman Collection
   21. Books About Books (rare and important editions)
   22. Marie Guy Kimball Collection
   23. Others as discovered

   Items in the Rare Book Collection are considered for deaccessioning when it is deemed that the item is not appropriate to the collection because of its condition or content or if it is an exact duplicate of another item already in the collection. If it is a duplicate, the item in the best condition is retained.

   The library makes an effort to preserve items in the collection using standard conservation practices such as constructing phase boxes, treating leather, routine cleaning, and dusting. In addition, depending upon funds available, some titles may be rebound or restored according to acceptable rare book practices.

2. Restricted Circulation Collection:

   This category of material is used for items considered to be vulnerable to theft and mutilation but are not necessarily rare. They include portfolios of unbound plates or illustrations, realia, slides bound into books, etc.

3. Wendell B. Will Faculty Room:

   The library places in the Wendell B. Will Faculty Room selected titles from the Rare Books Collection, copies of selected faculty publications, all autographed visiting authors' publications, and selected faculty development publications. Specific collections housed in the Wendell Will Room include selected titles from the Dzierbicki Collection and all titles in the Reynolds M.F.K.Fisher Collection. Selected periodical titles may be placed in the Wendell B. Will Faculty Room for browsing, e.g., Chronicle for Higher Education. The Library Director approves the selection of titles for the Wendell B. Will Faculty Room.

4. Archives Collection:

   The Stockwell-Mudd Libraries at Albion College include two distinct archival collections.

   Albion College Archives. This collection serves as the permanent memory of the institution. The purpose of the Archives is to collect, preserve, and organize materials which document activities and events in the history and development of Albion College. The following types of materials are collected:
   1. College publications (catalogs, bulletins, schedules, directories, commencement and convocation programs).
   2. Student and student organizations' records and publications (honors theses, newspapers, magazines, yearbooks, handbooks, etc.).
   3. Departmental publications (newsletters, programs of special events, etc.).
   4. Faculty publications (books, journal reprints, bibliographies). The Library will acquire any faculty publication announced in the Deanery .
   5. Manuscripts (College related).
   6. Alumni publications and papers.
   7. Governance and administrative documents.
   8. Faculty meeting and committee minutes.
   9. Reports and papers relevant to the administrative offices of the College.
   10. Board of Trustees (minutes, reports, and other papers).
   11. Brochures (issued by the departments and campus offices).
   12. Non-Textual Materials: photographs; campus plans; building plans; renderings of campus buildings; maps; audio-visual materials including oral histories, slides, video and sound recordings of major College events; digital materials including magnetic tapes, disks, CD-ROM's, etc. These materials describe persons, buildings, and places relating to the College.
   13. Ephemera, newspaper clippings, leaflets, scrapbooks, etc. (on a highly selective basis).

   Methodist Archives. Albion College houses the Archives of the West Michigan Conference of the United Methodist Church. The College Archivist serves as the Archives Manager for this collection. There is an agreement between the Conference and the College on the administration of this Collection.

INTELLECTUAL FREEDOM AND PRIVACY

Stockwell-Mudd Libraries recognize that the free access to ideas and full freedom of expression are fundamental to the educational process. To this end, we subscribe to and comply with the American Library Association Library Bill of Rights and Freedom to Read Statements. The collections will be available to all patrons of the libraries. The collections should offer the widest possible range of viewpoints regardless of popularity of items or the sex, political philosophy, sexual orientation, national origin, or notoriety of their proponents. The Director of Libraries, with the advice of the other librarians, will respond to all questions concerning the propriety of specific materials placed in the Stockwell-Mudd Libraries' collections. Persistent criticisms from persons or groups will be referred to the Faculty Library Advisory Committee. Reaffirming the library profession's concern for intellectual freedom and for readers' rights of privacy, Stockwell-Mudd Libraries will not disclose to anyone the names of, or other information regarding readers and will not identify materials called for or examined by them. No library records will be made available to the public, the press, or any agency of the federal, state, or local government, except pursuant to such process, order, or subpoena as may be authorized under the authority of and pursuant to federal, state or local law relating to civil, criminal, or administrative discovery procedures or legislative investigatory power. Albion College and the Director of Libraries will resist the issuance or enforcement of any such process, order or subpoena until such time as a proper showing of good cause has been made in a court of competent jurisdiction. Moreover, any costs incurred by the library in any search through patron records, even under court order, will be chargeable to the agency demanding such searches.

APPENDIX 1

LIBRARY BILL OF RIGHTS

1. Books and other library resources should be provided for the interest, information, and enlightenment of all people of the community the library serves. Materials should not be excluded because of the origin, background, or views of those contributing to their creation.

2. Libraries should provide materials and information presenting all points of view on current and historical issues. Materials should not be proscribed or removed because of partisan or doctrinal disapproval.

3. Libraries should challenge censorship in the fulfillment of their responsibility to provide information and enlightenment.

4. Libraries should cooperate with all persons and groups concerned with resisting abridgment of free expression and free access to ideas.

5. A person's right to use a library should not be denied or abridged because of origin, age, background, or views.

6. Libraries which make exhibit spaces and meeting rooms available to the public they serve should make such facilities available on an equitable basis, regardless of the beliefs or affiliations of individuals or groups requesting their use.

APPENDIX 2

INTELLECTUAL FREEDOM STATEMENT - AN INTERPRETATION OF THE LIBRARY BILL OF RIGHTS

The heritage of free men is ours.

In the Bill of Rights to the United States Constitution, the founders of our nation proclaimed certain fundamental freedoms to be essential to our form of government. Primary among these is the freedom of expression, specifically the right to publish diverse opinions and the right to unrestricted access to those opinions. As citizens committed to the full and free use of all communications media and as professional persons responsible for making the content of those media accessible to all without prejudice, we, the undersigned, wish to assert the public interest in the preservation of freedom of expression.

Through continuing judicial interpretations of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, freedom of expression has been guaranteed. Every American who aspires to the success of our experiment in democracy who has faith in the political and social integrity of free men - must stand firm on those Constitutional guarantees of essential rights. Such Americans can be expected to fulfill the responsibilities implicit in those rights.

We therefore affirm these propositions:

1. We will make available to everyone who needs or desires them the widest possible diversity of views and modes of expression, including those which are strange, unorthodox or unpopular.

   Creative thought is, by its nature, new. New ideas are always different and, to some people, distressing and even threatening. The creator of every new idea is likely to be regarded as unconventional - occasionally heretical - until his idea is first examined, then refined, then tested in its political, social or moral applications. The characteristic ability of our governmental system to adapt to necessary change is vastly strengthened by the option of the people to choose freely from among conflicting opinions. To stifle nonconformist ideas at their inception would be to end the democratic process. Only through continuous weighing and selection from among opposing views can free individuals to obtain the strength needed for intelligent, constructive decisions and actions. In short, we need to understand not only what we believe, but why we believe as we do.

2. We need not endorse every idea contained in the materials we produce and make available.

   We serve the educational process by disseminating the knowledge and wisdom required for the growth of the mind and the expansion of learning. For us to employ our own political, moral, or esthetic views as standards for determining what materials are published or circulated conflicts with the public interest. We cannot foster true education by imposing on others the structure and content of our own opinions. We must preserve and enhance the people's right to a broader range of ideas than those held by any librarian or publisher or church or government. We hold that it is wrong to limit any person to those ideas and that information another believes to be true, good, and proper.

3. We regard is irrelevant to the acceptance and distribution of any creative work the personal history or political affiliations of the author or others responsible for it or its publication.

   A work of art must be judged solely on its own merits. Creativity cannot flourish if its appraisal and acceptance by the community are influenced by the political views of private lives of the artists or the creators. A society that allows blacklists to be compiled and used to silence writers and artists cannot exist as a free society.

4. With every available legal means, we will challenge laws or governmental action restricting or prohibiting the publication of certain materials or limiting free access to such materials.

   Our society has no place for legislative efforts to coerce the taste of its members, to restrict adults to reading matter deemed suitable only for children, or to inhibit the efforts of creative persons in their attempts to achieve artistic perfection. When we prevent serious artists from dealing with truth as they see it, we stifle creative endeavor at its source. Those who direct and control the intellectual development of our children - parents, teachers, religious leaders, scientists, philosophers, statesmen - must assume the responsibility for preparing young people to cope with life as it is and to face the diversity of experience to which they will be exposed as they mature. This is an affirmative responsibility that cannot be discharge easily, certainly not with the added burden of curtailing one's access to art, literature, and opinion. Tastes differ. Taste, like morality, cannot be controlled by government, for governmental action, devised to suit the demands of one group, thereby the freedom of all others.

5. We oppose labeling any work of literature or art, or any persons responsible for its creation, as subversion, dangerous, or otherwise undesirable.

   Labeling attempts to predispose users of the various media of communication, and to ultimately close off a path to knowledge. Labeling rests on the assumption that persons exist who have a special wisdom, and who, therefore, can be permitted to determine what will have good and bad effects on other people. But freedom of expression rests on the premise of ideas vying in the open marketplace for acceptance, change or rejection by individuals. Free men choose this path.

6. We, as guardians of intellectual freedom, oppose and will resist every encroachment upon the freedom by individuals or groups, private or official.

   It is inevitable in the give-and-take of the democratic process that the political, moral and esthetic preferences of a person or group will conflict occasionally with those of others. A fundamental premise of our free society is that each citizen is privileged to decide those opinions to which eh will adhere or which he will recommend to the members of a privately organized group or association. But no private group may usurp the law and impose its own political or moral concepts upon the general public. Freedom cannot be accorded only to selected groups for it is then transmuted into privilege and unwarranted license.

7. Both as citizens and professionals, we will strive by all legitimate means open to us to be relieved of the threat of personal, economic, and legal reprisals resulting from our support and defense of the principles of intellectual freedom.

   Those who refuse to compromise their ideals in support of intellectual freedom have often suffered dismissals from employment, forced resignations, boycotts of products and establishments, and other invidious forms of punishment. We perceive the admirable, often lonely, refusal to succumb to threats of punitive action as the highest form of true professionalism: dedication to the cause of intellectual freedom and the preservation of vital human and civil liberties.

   In our various capacities, we will actively resist incursions against the full exercise of our professional responsibility for creating and maintaining an intellectual environment which fosters unrestrained creative endeavor and true freedom of choice and access for all members of the community.

   We state these propositions with conviction, not as easy generalizations. We advance a noble claim for the value of ideas, freely expressed, as embodied in books and other kinds of communications. We do this in our belief that a free intellectual climate fosters creative endeavors capable of enormous variety, beauty, and usefulness, and thus worthy of support and preservation. We recognize that application of these propositions may encourage the dissemination of ideas and forms of expression that will be frightening or abhorrent to some. We believe that what people read, view, and hear is a critically important issue. We recognize, too, that ideas can be dangerous. It may be, however, that they are effectually dangerous only when opposing ideas are suppressed. Freedom, in its many facets, is a precarious course. We espouse it heartily.

Adopted by the ALA Council, June 25, 1971, Endorsed by the Freedom to Read Foundation, Board of Trustees, June 18, 1971.

APPENDIX 3

FREEDOM TO VIEW

The Freedom to View, along with the freedom to speak, to hear, and to read, is protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. In a free society, there is no place for censorship of any medium of expression. Therefore, these principles are affirmed:

1. To provide the broadest possible access to film, video, and other audiovisual materials because they are a means for the communication of ideas. Liberty of circulation is essential to insure the constitutional guarantee of freedom of expression.

2. To protect the confidentiality of all individuals and institutions using film, video, and other audiovisual materials.

3. To provide film, video, and other audiovisual materials which represent a diversity of views and expression. Selection of a work does not constitute or imply agreement with or approval of the content.

4. To provide a diversity of viewpoints without the constraint of labeling or prejudging film, video and other audiovisual materials on the basis of the moral, religious, or political beliefs of the producer or film maker or on the basis of controversial content.

5. To contest vigorously, by all lawful means, every encroachment upon the public's freedom to view.

Endorsed by the ALA Council January 10, 1990

APPENDIX 4

CHALLENGED MATERIALS - AN INTERPRETATION OF THE LIBRARY BILL OF RIGHTS

The American Library Association declares as a matter of firm principle that it is the responsibility of every library to have a clearly defined materials selection policy in written form which reflects the Library Bill of Rights, and which is approved by the appropriate governing authority.

Challenged materials which meet the criteria for selection in the materials selection policy of the library should not be removed under any legal or extralegal pressure. The Library Bill of Rights states in Article 1 that "Materials should not be excluded because of the origin, background, or views of those contributing to their creation," and in Article 2, that "Materials should not be proscribed or removed because of partisan or doctrinal disapproval." Freedom of expression is protected by the Constitution of the United States, but constitutionally protected expression is often separated from unprotected expression only by a dim and uncertain line. The Constitution requires a procedure designed to focus searchingly on challenged expression before it can be suppressed. An adversary hearing is a part of this procedure.

Therefor, any attempt, be it legal or extralegal, to regulate or suppress materials in libraries must be closely scrutinized to the end that protected expression is not abridged.

Adopted June 25, 1971; amended July 1, 1981; amended January 10, 1990, by the ALA Council.

APPENDIX 5

STATEMENT ON LABELING - AN INTERPRETATION OF THE LIBRARY BILL OF RIGHTS

Labeling is the practice of describing or designating materials by affixing a prejudicial label and/or segregating them by a prejudicial system. The American Library Association opposes these means of predisposing people's attitudes toward library material for the following reasons:

1. Labeling is an attempt to prejudice attitudes and as such, it is a censor's tool.

2. Some find it easy and even proper, according to their ethics, to establish criteria for judging publications as objectionable. However, injustice and ignorance rather than justice and enlightenment result from such practices, and the American Library Association opposes the establishment of such criteria.

3. Libraries do not advocate the ideas found in their collections. The presence of books and other resources in a library does not indicate endorsement of their contents by the library.

   A variety of private organizations promulgate rating systems and/or review materials as a means of advising either their members or the general public concerning their onions of the contents and suitability or appropriate age for use of certain books, films, recordings, or other materials. For the library to adopt or enforce any of these private systems, any of these private systems, to attach such ratings to library materials, to include them in bibliographic records, library catalogs, or other finding aids, or otherwise to endorse them would violate the Library Bill of Rights.

   While some attempts have been made to adopt these systems into law, the constitutionality of such measures is extremely questionable. If such legislation is passed which applied within a library's jurisdiction, the library should seek competent legal advice concerning its applicability to library operations.

   Publishers, industry groups, and distributors sometimes add ratings to material or include them as part of their packaging. Librarians should not endorse such practices. However, removing or obliterating such ratings - if placed there by or with permission of the copyright holder - could constitute expurgation, which is also unacceptable.

   The American Library Association opposes efforts which aim at closing any path t knowledge. This statement, however, does not exclude the adoption of organizational schemes designed as directional aids or to facilitate access to materials.

Adopted July 13, 1951. Amended June 25, 1971; July 1, 1981; June 26, 1990, by the ALA Council.

APPENDIX 6

POLICY ON CONFIDENTIALITY OF LIBRARY RECORDS

The Council of the American Library Association strongly recommends that the responsible officers of each library in the United States:

1. Formally adopt a policy which specifically recognizes its circulation records and other records identifying the name of library users to be confidential in nature.

2. Advise all librarians and library employees that such records will not be made available to any agency of state, federal, or local government except pursuant to such process, order, or subpoena as may be authorized under the authority of, and pursuant to, federal, state, or local law relating to civil, criminal, or administrative discovery procedures or legislative investigative power.

3. Resist the issuance or enforcement of any such process, order, or subpoena until such time as a proper showing of good cause has been made in a court of competent jurisdiction.

Adopted January 20, 1971; revised July 4, 1975, by the ALA Council.